![]() ![]() Shohei Itoh and Masahiko Miyaki of the Denso Corporation, a Japanese automotive-parts manufacturer, developed the common rail fuel system for heavy-duty vehicles and turned it into practical use on their ECD-U2 common rail system mounted on the Hino Ranger truck and sold for general use in 1995. The first successful use in a mass production vehicle began in Japan by the mid-1990s. Due to a lack of funding, the development was cancelled and mass production was never achieved. It was built into a single IFA W50 in 1985. The first common-rail-Diesel-engine used in a road vehicle was the MN 106-engine by East German VEB IFA Motorenwerke Nordhausen. Marco Ganser at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, later of Ganser-Hydromag AG (est. The common rail system prototype for automotive engines was developed in the late 1960s by Robert Huber of Switzerland, and the technology was further developed by Dr. The Cooper-Bessemer GN-8 ( circa 1942) is an example of a hydraulically operated common rail diesel engine, also known as a modified common rail. This system was used for the injection of both diesel and heavy fuel oil (600cSt heated to a temperature near 130 ☌).Ĭommon rail engines have been used in marine and locomotive applications for some time. Later engines had two injectors per cylinder, and the final series of constant-pressure turbocharged engines was fitted with four injectors per cylinder. Early engines had a pair of timing cams, one for ahead running and one for astern. Camshaft-operated mechanical timing valves were used to supply the spring-loaded Brice/CAV/Lucas injectors, which injected through the side of the cylinder into the chamber formed between the pistons. ![]() Pressure control was achieved by an adjustable pump discharge stroke and a "spill valve". Doxford Engines used a common rail system in their opposed-piston marine engines from 1921 to 1980, where a multicylinder reciprocating fuel pump generated a pressure around 600 bars (60 MPa 8,700 psi), with the fuel being stored in accumulator bottles. Fuel delivery to individual cylinders could be shut off by valves in the injector lines. It used four plunger pumps to deliver a pressure up to 3,000 pounds per square inch (210 bar 21 MPa) every 90° of rotation to keep the fuel pressure adequately constant in the rail. Vickers engines with the common rail fuel system were first used in 1916 in the G-class submarines. Vickers pioneered the use of common rail injection in submarine engines. History Common rail fuel system on a Volvo truck engine It is also the basis of gasoline direct injection systems used on petrol engines. This provides improved vaporization from the surface of the fuel droplets, and so more efficient combining of atmospheric oxygen with vaporized fuel delivering more complete combustion.Ĭommon rail injection is widely used in diesel engines. High-pressure injection delivers power and fuel consumption benefits over earlier lower pressure fuel injection, by injecting fuel as a larger number of smaller droplets, giving a much higher ratio of surface area to volume. Diesel fuel injector as installed in a MAN V8 Diesel engineĬommon rail direct fuel injection is a direct fuel injection system built around a high- pressure (over 2,000 bar or 200 MPa or 29,000 psi) fuel rail feeding solenoid valves, as opposed to a low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors (or pump nozzles). For other uses, see DCI (disambiguation).
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